Scientists have uncovered evidence that heart attacks may actually be sparked by infection.
Hidden bacterial biofilms can lurk silently inside arterial plaques for decades, shielded from the immune system, until a viral illness or other trigger awakens them. Once activated, the bacteria fuel inflammation that ruptures plaques and blocks blood flow leading to heart attacks.
Recent findings suggest that infections could play a role in triggering myocardial infarction. Researchers using advanced techniques discovered that in coronary artery disease, cholesterol-rich atherosclerotic plaques may contain a jelly-like biofilm created by bacteria.
These biofilms can develop silently over many years without causing symptoms. The bacteria inside remain inactive and are protected from both the body’s immune defenses and antibiotics, as neither can penetrate the dense biofilm structure.
The study indicates that a viral infection or another outside factor can awaken the dormant biofilm. Once activated, the bacteria begin to multiply, sparking inflammation. This immune reaction has the potential to weaken and rupture the fibrous covering of the plaque, which can then lead to clot formation and ultimately a heart attack.
